TEC modules (thermal electric cooler), also called Peltier modules, can cool down or heat up the object when changing the current direction. The current is DC current. There are some advantages and disadvantages of TEC module. Advantages: A. No cryogen needed. TEC modules can work constantly for hours. It contains no pollution or rotating components, which results no noise and vibration, long life span and easy installation. B. Very short heating-up and cooling time due to small thermal lag in T...(more)
NTC thermistor can be applied in many fields, such as temperature measurement and control, temperature compensation, surge current suppression, environmental measurement, etc. There are some common failures and causes for NTC thermistor 1. Short circuit: When theloop current is higher than Imax, or power rating is higher than Pmax for a long time, it will make the temperature of the thermistor higher than Tmax. At the start, the thermistor will have a rather low resistance, and then the thermist...(more)
Application Note Summary This application note explains how to specify arc protection and fast recovery for X-ray high voltage power supplies and other demanding high-voltage systems. It covers arc detection latency, event-energy limiting, controlled voltage recovery, retry logic, fault reporting, and verification methods for real high-voltage loads. The note helps engineers define practical RFQ requirements and select HVPS solutions that can detect arcs quickly, limit damage, recover cleanly, r...(more)
How to protect a high voltage power supply from spark and arc loads — three topology modes, the self-firing relaxation-oscillator waveform, arc-starving resistor sizing, and safe-access bleeder design....(more)
A practical design guide to constant-current charging of capacitor banks: CC/CV sizing equations, the CC-to-CV transition, stored-energy hazard, and bleeder discharge for safe access....(more)
Specifying an X-ray high voltage power supply is more than a kV number — define ripple, regulation, stability, arc recovery, operating mode, and filament/mA control to keep the beam steady....(more)
High-Voltage Power-SupplyOutput Spark ProtectionHow to Limit Fault Current When Sparks Are Unwanted,and How to Generate Energetic Sparks Safely When They Are WantedSizing the Series Current-Limiting Resistor and the Parallel Storage CapacitorAnalog Technologies, Inc. | Technical Note ATNHVPS-08 | May 9, 20221. IntroductionHigh-voltage power supplies - those operating at hundreds or thousands of volts - face a problem that low-voltage designers rarely think about: sparking at the output. When the...(more)
Laser driver placed in front of the optical emission is designed for biasing and modulating laser, i.e. it converts high speed voltage signal into high speed current signal to modulate laser. In order to meet different design requirements, our company (ATI) has released many kinds of laser drivers, such as ultra-low noise laser driver, high efficiency laser driver, dual mode laser driver and so on. Next, dual mode laser driver will be introduced in details. Figure 1. The photo of LDA1-CP1 LDA1-C...(more)
