Based on the Peltier effect,
thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is an energy conversion process, which uses electric energy as power. When the direct current is through the loop made of two different conductive materials, the endothermic phenomenon will be generated in the node, and when the current is in the opposite direction, the exothermic phenomenon will be generated.
As the Peltier effect of semiconductor materials is particularly significant, currently, the TEC module is usually composed of semiconductor materials in the field of TEC. In practical application, there are generally many couples of semiconductors N type and P type in series. At the same time, the hot end needs to be connected to the heat sink and the cold end is directly connected to the cooled object through cold storage tablets. By changing the direct current, the absorbed and liberated heat at both ends of TEC can be changed, so the cooling capacity of the cold end and the heat of the hot end can meet the practical demand. The direction of the cold and hot end can be changed by changing the current direction. In practical application, when the one-level TEC cannot satisfy the required operating temperature, the two-level of multi-level TEC can be used. The
TEC modules are solid electronic components. In all of cooling system, the TEC system is the only one made of one component.Traditional mechanical cooling unit include two parts of compressor and circulation system.
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